Colles Fracture
A Colles fracture is one of the most common types of wrist fractures, especially in older adults. This article will explain what a Colles fracture is, what causes it, and how it is diagnosed and treated.
If you’re recovering from a Colles fracture or experiencing pain after a fall, physical therapy is a key part of the healing process. At Paspa Physical Therapy in Manhattan, NY, we offer one-on-one care to help you regain strength, flexibility, and confidence after a wrist injury. Contact us today!
What is a Colles Fracture?
A Colles fracture is a specific type of distal radius fracture, which means it affects the larger of the two forearm bones (the radius) near the wrist joint. In a Colles fracture, the broken piece of the radius tilts upward and backward, often as a result of falling on an outstretched hand. In some cases, the nearby distal ulna may also be affected. This is known as a distal ulna fracture, and it can occur alongside the radius break in more severe injuries.
This fracture is named after Irish surgeon Abraham Colles, who first described it in 1814. Colles fractures are often associated with comminuted fractures, meaning the bone breaks into more than two pieces. Depending on the force of the injury, the fracture may also be classified as an intra-articular fracture if it extends into the wrist joint space.
What Causes a Colles Fracture?
The most common cause of a Colles fracture is a fall on an outstretched hand, which puts sudden and direct pressure on the wrist. This can happen during:
- Slips and falls on ice or uneven pavement
- Sports injuries, especially in activities like skiing, snowboarding, or skating
- Motor vehicle accidents
- High-impact trauma, such as falls from heights
Individuals with lower bone density—particularly postmenopausal women—are at increased risk due to a greater likelihood of broken bones from minor trauma. Even a seemingly minor incident can result in a broken wrist, especially in people with osteoporosis or weakened bone structure.
What Are the Symptoms of a Colles Fracture?
A Colles fracture usually causes immediate symptoms. Common signs include:
- Sharp pain in the wrist
- Swelling and bruising
- A visible deformity, often described as a “dinner fork” bend of the wrist
- Stiffness or inability to move the wrist or fingers
- Numbness or tingling, especially if soft tissues or nerves are affected
If you notice these signs after a fall or impact to the wrist, it’s important to seek medical attention right away.
What Are the Complications of a Colles Fracture?
Although many wrist fractures heal well with prompt treatment, complications can arise, especially if the injury is severe or left untreated. Possible complications include:
- Malunion, where the fractured bone heals in an incorrect position
- Post-traumatic arthritis, especially with intra-articular fractures
- Reduced wrist motion or grip strength
- Nerve compression, such as carpal tunnel syndrome
- Ongoing pain or sensitivity
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a chronic pain condition
Physical therapy plays a vital role in preventing or managing these complications by restoring function and mobility.
How is a Colles Fracture Diagnosed?
A Colles fracture is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and imaging tests. After reviewing your symptoms and the mechanism of injury, a doctor will often order the following:
- X-rays to view the alignment and severity of the fracture
- CT scans in cases involving intra-articular fractures or complex comminuted fractures
In some cases, soft tissue damage or nerve involvement may require further evaluation. Early and accurate diagnosis ensures the best outcomes.
How Are Colles Fractures Treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of the fracture, the patient’s age, and overall health. Common treatments include:
Nonsurgical Treatment
- Immobilization with a cast or splint if the bones are well-aligned
- Regular follow-up X-rays to ensure proper healing
- Gradual introduction to physical therapy once the cast is removed
Surgical Treatment
- Required for displaced fractures, comminuted fractures, or if both the radius and distal ulna fracture are present
- Techniques may include internal fixation using plates, screws, or pins
- After surgery, immobilization is followed by a rehabilitation program to restore motion and strength
How Can I Prevent a Colles Fracture?
While not all accidents can be avoided, there are several ways to reduce your risk of wrist injuries and broken bones:
- Improve balance and core strength through exercise
- Wear wrist guards during high-risk sports
- Use proper footwear to prevent slips and falls
- Ensure your home is free of tripping hazards
- Maintain bone health through adequate calcium and vitamin D
- Talk to your doctor about bone density screening if you’re at risk for osteoporosis
Preventative physical therapy can also help enhance your coordination and stability, reducing your fall risk.
Regain Strength and Mobility After a Colles Fracture with Paspa Physical Therapy
Recovering from a Colles fracture requires more than just waiting for the bone to heal—it takes guided, professional rehabilitation to regain full function of the wrist joint. At Paspa Physical Therapy in Manhattan, we offer expert one-on-one care in a fully equipped gym and private treatment rooms. Whether you’re healing from a cast, recovering after internal fixation surgery, or dealing with complications from an intra-articular fracture, our licensed physical therapists are here to help.
We don’t rely on aides or trainers—our therapists work individually with each patient to create a tailored plan that focuses on your specific goals and needs. It’s no wonder so many people choose us for trusted, compassionate care. Contact our office today to schedule your appointment and start your path to recovery with experienced professionals you can trust!
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